Chickens killed due to melamine scare and concerns

October 31, 2008 by · Comment
Filed under: Dangerous Foods, Melamine 

China melamine scandal causes slaughter of thousands of chickens
Fri Oct 31, 2008 4:45pm IST

By Ian Ransom

BEIJING (Reuters) – Chinese farmers, hurt by a spreading melamine scandal, slaughtered tens of thousands of chickens, state media said on Friday, as authorities in Shanghai began checks on feed producers for local fisheries.

Shanghai’s Livestock Office would check more than 100 feed producers in the city, and promised tests for the city’s seafood products if any feed were found to contain melamine, the Shanghai Daily newspaper said on Friday.

Melamine is a compound used in making plastic chairs and other things, but is often added to food to cheat nutrition tests.

At least four children died and tens of thousands were made ill from drinking milk formula adulterated with melamine this year.

The melamine scandal has since spread to other dairy products, sweets and chocolate, prompting recalls of Chinese-made food around the world.

A rash of cases involving melamine-tainted eggs exported to Hong Kong and South Korea, and sold in the eastern Chinese city of Hangzhou, have aroused fears of how prevalent the compound is in Chinese animal feed.



Melamine was banned in feed last year in the wake of a pet food scandal that was blamed for the deaths of dogs and cats in the United States last year, but has since been found in chicken feed used by major egg producers in northern China.

Public fears about food safety have seen egg prices plummet in local markets, and wholesalers refuse stock not carrying melamine inspection certificates.

Plunging demand in Beijing had prompted dozens of farmers in Baoding to slaughter tens of thousands of chickens in recent days, the Beijing Youth Daily said.

Amid the growing scandals, China's health ministry has urged officials to quickly fix the country's problem-ridden food safety system.

DISJOINTED

The World Health Organisation's food safety chief, Jorgen Schlundt, last week called China's food-safety system "disjointed" and said poor communications between ministries and agencies may have prolonged the outbreak of melamine poisoning.

"Coordinate and cooperate to investigate and punish major incidents," the official Xinhua news agency quoted Health Minister Chen Zhu as saying.

Some 2,390 children remain in hospital after suffering kidney stones and other complications from drinking melamine-tainted milk formula, the ministry reported on Wednesday.

At the peak in late September, up to 22,000 infants were in hospital on any one day after being found sick from melamine. ,

The overseas edition of the People's Daily, the official newspaper of China's ruling Communist Party, said the scare had exposed long-standing failings in food-safety regulation.

"The right to safe food and appropriate nutrition is every citizen's right, but one after another food-safety incident is challenging this right," it said in a commentary.

"For this reason, food safety has become a national topic."

(Additional reporting by Chris Buckley)

Animal Feed spiked with melamine, known secret for long time.

October 31, 2008 by · Comment
Filed under: Banned Foods, Dangerous Foods, Melamine 

Animal feed spiked with melamine an ‘open secret’

in China: report

Last Updated: Thursday, October 30, 2008 | 9:06 AM

A Chinese shopper pays cash for eggs at a market in Chengdu, southwest China, on Tuesday. (Color China Photo/Associated Press)

Melamine in feed in China

Melamine in feed in China

Animal feed producers in China commonly add the industrial chemical melamine to their products to make them appear higher in protein, state media reported Thursday, an indication that the scope of the country’s latest food safety scandal could extend beyond milk and eggs.

The practice of mixing melamine into animal feed is an “open secret” in the industry, the Nanfang Daily newspaper reported in an article that was republished on the websites of the official Xinhua News Agency and the Communist Party mouthpiece People’s Daily.

Publicizing such a problem is rare in the Chinese media and appears to be a tacit admission by China’s central government that melamine contamination is widespread.

The news comes after four brands of Chinese eggs were found to be contaminated with melamine, which agriculture officials have speculated came from adulterated feed given to hens. The discovery of the tainted eggs followed on the heels of a similar crisis involving compromised dairy products that sent tens of thousands of children to the hospital and was linked to the deaths of four infants.

That scandal was triggered by dairy suppliers who added melamine, a chemical used to make plastics and fertilizer, to watered-down milk in order to dupe quality control tests and make the product appear rich in protein.

Health experts say ingesting a small amount of melamine poses no danger, but in larger doses, it can cause kidney stones and lead to kidney failure.

It is forbidden to deliberately add melamine to food and animal feed, but its apparent prevalence highlights the inability of authorities to keep the food production process clean of toxins despite official vows to raise safety standards.

The Ministry of Agriculture and the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine did not immediately respond to faxed requests for comment. Phones rang unanswered at the Ministry of Health.

Chemical plants used to pay companies to treat and dispose of excess melamine, but about five years ago began selling it to manufacturers who repackaged it as “protein powder,” the Nanfang Daily report said, citing an unnamed chemical industry expert. Melamine is high in nitrogen, and most protein tests test for nitrogen levels.

The inexpensive powder was first used to give the impression of higher protein levels in aquatic feed, then later in feed for livestock and poultry, the report said.

“The effect far more exceeds the milk powder scandal,” the newspaper said.

Melamine found in 4 brands of eggs

In the past week, melamine has been discovered in at least four brands of Chinese eggs, and officials in China’s largest city, Shanghai, said they had begun checks on all eggs sold in local markets.

No one has been sickened and it was not immediately clear how many eggs have been recalled.

China’s leading egg processor, Dalian Hanwei Enterprise Group, was among the companies found to have tainted eggs, which were first identified by Hong Kong food safety regulators.

The reputation of Chinese products has in the past year come under fire after high levels of chemicals and additives were found in goods ranging from toothpaste to milk powder. In the milk scandal, Chinese authorities and a leading dairy producer delayed reporting the problem for months.

The Ministry of Health said Wednesday that 2,390 children remained hospitalized after drinking tainted milk, including one in serious condition, and 48,514 had been treated at hospitals and released.

Body Paint added to list with Teas and Cakes. Australian Melamine Recall List

October 30, 2008 by · Comment
Filed under: Banned Foods, Melamine, Odd Products Banned 

Body Paint Joins Tea, Cake on Australian Melamine Recall List

Sexy body paint set banned , found to contain melamine

Sexy body paint set banned , found to contain melamine

By Robert Fenner

Oct. 30 (Bloomberg) — Boxer Lovers Body Pen Set, described by its maker as the sensual way to indulge a sweet tooth, joined Orion cakes and Kirin tea on the list of products recalled in Australia because of contamination with the chemical melamine.

“Consumers who may have bought this product are advised not to consume this body paint, which should be disposed of safely,” Australia’s food safety regulator said in a statement.

Milk tainted with melamine, which is used to make plastics and tan leather, has been blamed for the deaths of four babies in China and the sickening of 53,000. China’s Sanlu Group Co. and 21 companies were found to sell contaminated dairy goods, leading to recalls or restrictions on products made with Chinese milk in more than two dozen countries from Japan to France.

The Australian importer of Boxer Lovers voluntarily recalled the chocolate-flavored body paint, the seventh product withdrawn from the market, following advice from Canadian and U.K. authorities, Food Standards Australia said.


Other products recalled by Australian importers include White Rabbit Creamy Candy, Kirin Milk Tea, Orion Tiramisu Italian cake, Dali Yuan brand first milk and Lotte Koala biscuits.

Cadbury Plc, the world's largest confectioner, recalled its Eclairs product last month and remains the only manufacturer to withdraw products in Australia because of melamine.
What exactly is melamine?

Melamine is an organic compound that is often combined with formaldehyde to produce melamine resin, a synthetic polymer which is fire resistant and heat tolerant. Melamine resin is a very versatile material with a highly stable structure. Uses for melamine include whiteboards, floor tiles, kitchenware, fire retardant fabrics, and commercial filters.

Fish, eggs, turtles, cows, sheep, poultry,pigs and what else is tainted with melamine?

October 30, 2008 by · Comment
Filed under: Banned Foods, Melamine 

Shanghai launches fisheries’ inspection fearing melamine contamination
30 Oct 2008, 1655 hrs IST, Saibal Dasgupta , TNN

BEIJING: Shanghai city authorities have launched a massive inspection in the fisheries industry out of fear that melamine contamination may
spread to the seafood industry. Melamine, a plastic industry chemical, has been found in milk and eggs in China resulting in wide-spread panic among consumers.

Shanghai’s Livestock Office today announced that its inspection programme will cover more than 100 feed producers. It will launch more detailed investigations into the quality of seafood if the feed given to fish is found to be contaminated with melamine.

Investigations into quality of eggs have revealed that the toxic chemical is present in the products of several poultry farms. Egg contamination came to light after health authorities in Hong Kong said on Monday that have found melamine in eggs supplied by one of the major hatcheries. But subsequent investigations showed that the problem exists in eggs produced by four different companies selling under different brands.

Meanwhile, the State media reported that a local government in northeast China has banned the media from publishing reports about the discovery of melamine-tainted eggs for weeks until the matter was exposed in Hong Kong late last week. The suppression of information has resulted in delay in official action to stop the spread of the contamination, sources said.

The discovery was made by the animal sanitation inspection department of Liaoning province, which was investigating the quality of animal feed produced by a local company, Mingxing Feed Company.
Melamine is believed to cause kidney stones in people who consume it beyond the permissible limits.

Melamine poisoning of milk has resulted in illness of over 50,000 infants and death to four of them in China so far. Melamine was used as adulteration material in order to boost the protein content of milk. However, eggs contaminated by melamine have not caused any reported illnesses so far.

Industry sources said that use of melamine, which was banned by a government order last year, is widespread in China. It is used in feed given to cows, sheep, poultry, pigs and fish. Even soft-shelled turtles and eels are also on the list, especially in southern China.


Use of melamine helps producers of animal feed enhance its protein content and dramatically boost profits, sources said. An important question in whether there has been any inspection on this matter

Lotte Koala biscuits and Julie’s crackers and Khong Guan biscuits found to contain melamine

October 30, 2008 by · Comment
Filed under: Banned Foods, Melamine 

According to Malaysiakini, Singapore found 17 types of biscuits from Malaysia to be tainted with melamine. Two of them are familiar names like Lotte Koala and Julie’s.
Also in the ban is Khong Guan biscuits.

Singapore has discovered toxic chemical melamine in 20 more products from China and Malaysia, taking its total to 33, authorities said.

Three Chinese products and 17 biscuit items from Malaysia were found to contain melamine, the industrial chemical at the centre of a toxic milk scandal which has rocked China’s dairy sector.

The affected items include popular products such as Lotte Koala biscuits and Julie’s crackers, the Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority of Singapore (AVA) said in a statement seen on its website on Saturday.

Singapore has discovered toxic chemical melamine in 20 more products from China and Malaysia, taking its total to 33, authorities said.

I have taken the pdf file and made it more user friendly here.
Very disturbing the way the information is scattered and made more difficult to access.

Here is a chart with acceptable levels for melamine in biscuits and cookies and crackers.

Melamine in biscuits

Melamine in biscuits


Click to enlarge photo.
PUTRAJAYA: Khong Guan and Khian Guan brand biscuits have been found to contain excessive levels of melamine.

Health Minister Datuk Liow Tiong Lai said 18 out of the 47 products produced by the two manufacturers contained more than the permissible level of malamine, which is 2.5mg/kg or 2.5 parts per million (ppm).

He said the manufacturers had been instructed to recall all 18 biscuit products from the market.

“We have also requested that they voluntarily recall the rest of the products (the remaining 29),” he said.

Melamine found in body paints. Boxer Lovers Body Pen Set

October 30, 2008 by · Comment
Filed under: Banned Foods, Melamine 

Add body paint to the list!

A chocolate-flavoured body sex paint has been recalled from Australian shelves as authorities continue to crack down on melamine imports from China.

The paint, Boxer Lovers Body Pen Set,

Melamine found in body paint set

Melamine found in body paint set


today joined the banned list alongside six other products including Lotte Koala Biscuits, Cadbury Eclairs, Kirin Milk Tea, Orion Tiramisu Italian Cake, Dali Yuan brand First Milk and White Rabbit Creamy Candy.

Melamine, a nitrogen-rich chemical used in the plastics industry, was discovered to be dangerously used by Chinese food manufacturers to give livestock feed and baby milk formulas the appearance of higher protein content.

Products contaminated with melamine, which is normally used in plastic products, have killed at least four children and made about 53,000 ill in mainland China.


The body paint's importer has voluntarily withdrawn the product.

Today's recall follows advice from Canadian and UK authorities whose test results show low levels of melamine in the sex paint product.

Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) spokeswoman Lydia Buchtmann said those who had consumed the body paint product were not likely to be affected unless large quantities were consumed.

"Our advice is that consumers shouldn't consume it and if they have, it they should dispose of it safely,'' Ms Buchtmann said.

"It is a very low risk, you'd have to consume a high quantity over a long period of time to become ill.''

Ms Buchtmann said both FSANZ and international authorities' test results had established there was no evidence of melamine contamination of fruit and vegetables grown in China and imported to Australia as previous reports had suggested.

Banned Foods Trivia about 7 banned foods

October 30, 2008 by · Comment
Filed under: Banned Foods, Banned Foods Trivia, Is it Safe? 

The following is a list of some foods and beverages that have been banned either because the particular species is endangered or because, if ingested, they can seriously threaten the health, safety, and well-being of the consumer.

1. Japanese Puffer Fish (fugu)

Pufferfish, fugu

Pufferfish, fugu

Also known as blowfish, these creatures are so named for their ability to inflate themselves to several times their normal size by swallowing water or air when threatened.

Although the eyes and internal organs of most puffer fish are highly toxic, the meat is considered a delicacy in Japan and Korea. Still, nearly 60 percent of humans who ingest this fish die from tetrodotoxin, a powerful neurotoxin that damages or destroys nerve tissue. Humans need only ingest a few milligrams of this toxin for a fatal reaction to occur.

Most puffer fish poisoning is the result of accidental consumption of other foods that are tainted with the puffer fish toxin rather than from the ingestion of puffer fish itself. Symptoms include rapid numbness and tingling of lips and mouth, which are generally resolved within hours to days if treated promptly.

2. Absinthe

Absinthe ban lifted in USA

Absinthe ban lifted in USA

Absinthe has been found to be the cause of negative neurological effects.

Banned in 1905 in the U.S, this ban was only recently lifted in 2007!
In Switzerland the ban was lifted in 2000.
Absinthe has been found
to be the cause of negative
neurological effects.
The exact origin of absinthe is unknown,
but this strong alcoholic liqueur was probably first commercially produced
around 1797. It takes its name from one of its ingredients, Artemisia absinthium, which is the botanical name for the bitter herb known as wormwood.

Green in color due to the presence of chlorophyll, it became an immensely
popular drink in France by the 1850s. Said to induce creativity, produce hallucinations, and act as an aphrodisiac, the bohemian lifestyle quickly embraced it, and absinthe soon became known as la fee verte (the green fairy). But in July 1912, the Department of Agriculture banned absinthe in America for its “harmful neurological effects,” and France followed in 1915.

The ban was lifted in the United States in

3. Foie Gras- I am not sure on this one, since Trader Joe’s still sells pate and I know restaurants still sell it. So I did a little research. It was banned in Chicago in 2006, then the resturants and Chefs brought a lawsuit against the city to allow it back. It seems they got their foie gras back in May 2008.
See NYT article here.

Banned due to this type of  cruel feeding

Banned due to this type of cruel feeding

Foie gras, which literally means “fatty liver,” is what actor Roger Moore calls a “delicacy of despair.” When Moore discovered how geese were tortured to create the hors d’oeuvre, he was so appalled that he teamed up with PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) and APRL (Animal Protection and Rescue League) to educate the public.

In order to create foie gras, ducks and geese are painfully force-fed up to four pounds of food a day by cramming it down their throats through metal pipes until, according to Moore, “they develop a disease that causes their livers to enlarge up to ten times their normal size!”

Investigations into foie gras farms have revealed such horrible, unabashed cruelty to animals that the dish has been banned in many countries and many parts of the United States.


4. Casu Marzu Maggot Cheese (ok, this one sounds sick!)

Casu Marzu Maggot Cheese

Casu Marzu Maggot Cheese

Casu marzu, which means “rotting cheese” in Sardinian, is not just an aged and very smelly cheese, it is an illegal commodity in many places. Casu marzu is a runny white cheese made by injecting Pecorino Sardo cheese with cheese-eating larvae that measure about one-half inch long.

Tradition calls for this cheese to be eaten with the maggots running through it. Sardinians claim these critters make the cheese creamier and that it’s absolutely delicious. This cheese is widely, but not openly, eaten in Sardinia, even though the ban on it is only enforced sporadically.

5. Sassafras

Now recognized by the U.S. Department of Agriculture as a potential carcinogen, sassafras is the dried root bark of the sassafras tree native to eastern North America. Throughout history, sassafras has been used for making tea, as a fragrance for soap, a painkiller, an insect repellent, and a seasoning and thickener for many Creole soups and stews.

But the best-known use of sassafras lies in the creation of root beer, which owes its characteristic flavor to sassafras extract. In 1960, the FDA banned the ingredient saffrole — found in sassafras oil — for use as an additive because in several experiments massive doses of sassafras oil were found to induce liver cancer in rats. It should come as no surprise that chemicals and artificial flavors are used to flavor root beer today.

6. Blackened Redfish ( I wondered why I never see this on the menu anymore!)

Yummy blackened redfish, all fished out I guess!

Yummy blackened redfish, all fished out I guess!

In 1980, New Orleans chef Paul Prudhomme publicized his recipe for blackened redfish, which is still very popular today. The recipe was so popular that it sparked a blackened redfish craze in the 1980s, which so severely threatened the redfish stock that the Commerce Department had to step in and close down fisheries in July 1986.

In Florida, strict conservation measures were enforced for two years, and to this day, the state requires that anglers keep only one redfish per day and release any that do not fall into the 18- to 27-inch limit, handling their catch as little as possible to assure that the fish survives upon release.

7. Ortolan (I had never heard of this bird before)

Cute little birdy, he is only a mouthful, poor guy.

Cute little birdy, he is only a mouthful, poor guy.

In the same cruel fashion as foie gras, this tiny bird has little to sing about, as historically it was horribly tortured before being eaten as a gastronomic treat by the aristocracy of France.

Its fate was often to be captured, have its eyes poked out, and be put in a small cage, then force-fed until it grew to four times its normal size. Next the poor bird would be drowned in brandy, roasted, and eaten whole.

Now considered a protected species in France, the ortolan is also in decline in several other European countries. Nevertheless, hunters still kill about 50,000 birds per year even though it is illegal to sell them.

BPA – Can you really trust the FDA?

October 29, 2008 by · Comment
Filed under: BPA,Bishenol A 

FDA’s objectivity regarding BPA questioned
10/27/2008 4:29:38 PM

WASHINGTON — Federal lawmakers are investigating the relationship the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) may have with the chemical industry regarding the FDA’s draft assessment that bisphenol A (BPA) is safe, an October 24 USA Today article reports.

The congressional action was launched in part after The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel reported that the FDA’s assessment of BPA was based on reports from the plastics industry and those with a financial stake in the chemical used to harden plastics, such as polycarbonate water bottles.


The findings of the FDA draft report are at odds with the conclusions of the FDA’s own advisers from the National Toxicology Program (NTP), who announced in September that the chemical is of “some concern” relating to the development of the brain, behavior and the prostate gland in fetuses, infants and children.

The Journal Sentinel reported that the FDA will not reveal who prepared its draft assessment on BPA, but FDA documents obtained by the newspaper show that the work was done primarily by those with ties to the chemical industry, including Stephen Hentges of the chemical manufacturer trade association American Chemistry Council’s group on bisphenol A.

The newspaper reported that Hentges commissioned a review of all studies of the neurotoxicity of the chemical and submitted it to the FDA. “The FDA then used that report as the foundation for its evaluation of the chemical on neural and behavioral development,” the Journal Sentinel reported.

The Journal Sentinel also reported that the congressional committee also is evaluating the role that an FDA-hired consulting group, Virginia-based ICF International, had in preparing the draft. Other ICF clients include the American Chemistry Council and the American Petroleum Institute.

Also being scrutinized is the fact that the chairman of the FDA subcommittee that is reviewing the FDA’s assessment of BPA heads a research center that has accepted a $5 million gift from a retired medical device manufacturer who says BPA is safe. BPA is used in the manufacture of some medical devices.

The Journal Sentinel reported that FDA subcommittee chairman Martin Philbert received $5 million from Charles Gelman, who told the Journal Sentinel that he had expressed his views that BPA is “perfectly safe” to Philbert in several conversations. “Philbert at first denied ever having been contacted by Gelman about bisphenol A. He now says that he is aware of Gelman’s views but is not influenced by them,” the newspaper reported.

The subcommittee’s review of the BPA report was expected to be released any day with a presentation in Washington on October 31. Consumer advocacy groups, including the Environmental Working Group (EWG), have said that many scientific studies suggest BPA may cause serious harm. The EWG issued a statement on October 23 saying that the Journal Sentinel’s investigative report “proves a glaring conflict of interest that should render the draft meaningless.”

The Canadian government on October 18 declared that BPA is a toxin and that it is banning its use in baby bottles, as WaterTech Online™ reported, and attorneys general from Connecticut, New Jersey and Delaware have asked 11 companies to stop using BPA in baby bottles and formula cans, USA Today reported.

To read the full USA Today article, click here.

To read the full Journal Sentinel report, click here.

For related information on this story, click here.

What is BPA or Bishenol A?

October 29, 2008 by · Comment
Filed under: BPA,Bishenol A, What it is? 

Bisphenol A, commonly abbreviated as BPA, is an organic compound with two phenol functional groups. It is a difunctional building block of several important polymers and polymer additives. With an annual production of 2–3 million tonnes, it is an important monomer in the production of polycarbonate.

Suspected of being hazardous to humans since the 1930s, concerns about the use of bisphenol A in consumer products grabbed headlines in 2008 when several governments issued reports questioning its safety, and some retailers pulled products made from it off their shelves.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an industrial chemical used to make polycarbonate plastic resins, epoxy resins, and other products.


esearchers tested more than 2000 people between the ages of six and 85. And 93 percent of them tested positive for BPA, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Why should you care? Well, BPA is a component of the polycarbonate plastic in eyeglass lenses and DVDs among other things. And high levels of it have been linked to heart disease, diabetes and liver failure in humans, according to the Journal of the American Medical Association.

In fact, the National Toxicology Program warns that BPA may cause babies to develop abnormally. The Canadian government went so far as to ban it in baby bottles as well as listing it as a toxic substance. But the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency maintain that BPA is perfectly safe.

Congress, for its part, is considering banning the substance in some products. In the meantime, note that items made from BPA are typically marked with a number seven. These plastics should never be microwaved or exposed to hot liquids—heat can dissolve BPA into what you’re drinking.

( does that sound like a good idea in your body?? reminds me of melamine)

The FDA says it is safe, but now new articles are saying maybe we should not trust them.

Melamine effects on the body, or what does Melamine do?

October 29, 2008 by · Comment
Filed under: Effects of Melamine, Melamine, What it is? 

What does melamine do in the body?
A Cornell veterinarian told us last year that melamine is not considered to be “a very toxic compound,” but can result in kidney stones and kidney failure especially in small animals. Investigators found crystals made up of melamine and its byproducts in the urine and kidneys of in the dogs and cats that were poisoned last year. Because it formed crystals in the body and was not fully dissolved in urine, the melamine gathered in the kidney, gunking up the organ and forming stones. The pets that died suffered acute kidney failure.

This is what is happening to small children who have ingested melamine.
Who is responsible for this tragedy?
Brief History of
Melamine
By Kate Pickert Wednesday, Sep. 17, 2008
melamine
Sanlu, China’s biggest milk powder producer recalled 700 tons of milk powder after inspectors found the industrial contaminant, melamine in some of its packages.
China Photos / Getty

Melamine, the cheap compound used to bulk up baby formula in China that has sickened at least 1,200 babies across the country and killed at least two so far, once had a much less dubious purpose and, in fact, can be found in some form in most American homes.


Composed of nitrogen, carbon and hydrogen, the compound was invented in the 1830s by a German scientist and came into fashion as a material used to make plastics and laminates in the late 1930s. When combined with formaldehyde and exposed to extreme heat, melamine creates a moldable material that, when cooled, is virtually unbreakable and dishwasher-safe.
This made it the durable dishware of choice on some U.S. Navy ships during World War II.
After the war, designer Russel Wright and the St. Louis-based company Branchell, among others, developed molded dinnerware out of melamine, known as Melmac, designing sets under names like "Flair," "Fortiflex" and "Color-Flyte."
Throughout the 1950s, as Americans started buying processed foods and washing machines, clamoring for anything that conveyed "modern," colorful melamine bowls and plates became mainstays in kitchens across the country. Unfortunately, Melmac tableware was prone to scratches and stains and so the dishes fell out of favor by the 1970s, as more resilient household plastics were phased in and families returned to ceramic, china and glass-made dishes.

In the past decade or so, Melmac has become popular again, with collectors and savvy eBay dealers selling Wright and Branchell pieces, and new designers using the material for retro-themed household items.

But as melamine experienced a resurgence in American kitchens, the material — in powdered form — has also come into use by certain unscrupulous food companies as a cheap and abundant filler substance for products ranging from livestock feed to pet food — and now, apparently, to baby formula. In some tests used to determine the nutritional value of a foodstuff, melamine shows up as a protein — so manufacturers can use the compound to make their products appear more nutritious.
Melamine is not toxic, but inside the body it can cause kidney stones and renal failure.
In 2007, material containing melamine — but labeled as wheat gluten and rice protein — was shipped from Chinese manufacturers to pet food companies in the U.S. and elsewhere. After a Canadian pet food company announced it was voluntarily recalling food that was sickening pets, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration fielded thousands of similar complaints across the U.S. Soon after, a myriad of pet foods contaminated with the tainted gluten and protein from China were recalled from the market, but not before thousands of pets had died from renal failure.

This month, under pressure from the New Zealand government, which had received complaints that a Chinese manufacturer was ignoring reports that its baby formula was sickening infants, China announced an investigation. Days later, it emerged that more than 1,000 babies were sick, many contracting kidney stones, after consuming melamine-tainted formula. At least two babies have died. On Sept. 13, China said that 19 people have been detained in the ensuing probe. Some critics, however, have suggested China knew about the link between the sick babies and malamine-laced formula months ago — well before the Summer Olympics in Beijing — but did not investigate until external pressure left them no choice.


I will continue to update this as I learn more and find more information for you.
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQ)
Melamine in Food Products Manufactured in China
* Printer-friendly version

News reports and the World Health Organization (WHO) state that tens of thousands of infants in China who consumed infant formula contaminated with melamine are suffering from urinary tract stones, kidney damage, and kidney failure. For more information visit the Food and Drug Administration website.
What is melamine?

Melamine is a synthetic chemical with a variety of industrial uses including the production of resins and foams, cleaning products, fertilizers and pesticides. It does not occur naturally in food.
Why is melamine dangerous in food?

Animal studies have demonstrated that exposure to low levels of melamine produced no observable toxic effects. Exposures to high levels of melamine, or exposures to lower doses of melamine together with certain other chemicals, have caused urinary tract problems in animals. These have included urinary tract and kidney crystal and stone formation, and kidney failure. Exposures of animals to high doses of melamine over long time periods (years) have been associated with cancer of the bladder.
Should I be worried about food products purchased or consumed in the United States?

The United States does not allow melamine to be used as a food ingredient. Most reports of melamine in food products and of health problems related to melamine in food products have centered in China. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is working together with local, state, federal, and international agencies to ensure the safety of the American food supply including broadening its domestic and import sampling and testing of milk-derived ingredients and finished food products containing milk, such as candies, desserts, and beverages that could contain these ingredients from Chinese sources. As of October 6, 2008, FDA testing of milk- based products imported into the United States from China had found melamine contamination in only a few products (e.g., White Rabbit Creamy Candies and Mr. Brown’s coffee mixes). For current information on whether food products purchased in the U.S. might pose a concern about melamine, visit the Food and Drug Administration website.

Why are infants particularly affected?

Infants may be more affected than other people because formula is their primary food source and they therefore consume more melamine per unit of body weight than older children and adults who consume a variety of foods.
What should I do if I believe I or my child may already have been exposed to melamine, for example, during travel to China?

See a doctor right away if you or your infant has any of the following symptoms: stomach pain; vomiting; fever; irritability or excessive crying; blood, crystals, or particles in urine; painful urination; little or no urine; swelling of hands, feet, or face.
If I’m pregnant or breastfeeding and think I may have been exposed to melamine, would it be toxic to my baby?

If you are pregnant and have already ingested some of these listed products or you are breastfeeding while ingesting the listed products, discontinue their use. Effects on the unborn child are unknown. Melamine only stays in the body for a few days. The effects on the kidneys of the formula-fed infants in China are thought to result from continuous use of the products containing relatively high concentrations of melamine over many days.
Should my child or I be tested for melamine exposure?

Laboratory tests for melamine in blood serum and urine exist but are still investigational and not yet commercially available. Because many people are exposed to very small, nontoxic amounts of melamine from different sources in the environment and industry, detection of melamine in the body would not necessarily predict future illness.

How long does melamine stay in the body?

Scientists do not know exactly how long it takes the human body to eliminate melamine. Animal studies suggest that excretion is fairly rapid—for example, half of the total quantity of melamine consumed was eliminated in 4 hours in pigs and 3 hours in rats.

How should health care providers treat potential melamine exposures?

The most important action is to stop any ongoing exposure. Specific laboratory and imaging studies can be used based on the patient’s symptoms, for example to evaluate kidney function or urinary stones.

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